Table 1

Observation instrument.

CriterionCategory and codeDescription
Constraint
(CON)
Bounce (NBR)The game is played with a no-bounce rule.
Movement (MVT)There is also the obligation to receive and pass in movement.
Five passes (PS5)The game is played with the obligation to make at least five passes before taking a shot on goal.
Team (TEA)Orange (ORA)The orange team attacks
Blue (BLU)The blue team attacks
Beginning
(INI)
Goalkeeper (GOA)The attack begins with a goal throw
Recovery (RCU)The attack begins after the ball is recovered
Free throw/throw-in (FTT)The attack begins after a throw-in or free throw
Number of players
(NPL)
One (ONE)One player has possession of the ball during the attack
Two (TWO)Two players have possession of the ball during the attack
Three (THR)Three players have possession of the ball during the attack
Four (FOU)Four players have possession of the ball during the attack
Number of passes
(NPA)
From zero to two (P02)Between zero and two passes are made during the attack
From three to five (P35)Between three and five passes are made during the attack
From six to eight (P68)Between six and eight passes are made during the attack
Nine or more (P99)Se realizan nueve o más pases durante el ataque
Moving the ball
(MTB)
Long pass (LPA)The opponent’s half is reached after a long pass
Short pass (SPA)The opponent’s half is reached after a short pass
Movement with ball (BSE)The opponent’s half is reached after a player executes a movement with the ball
Opponent’s half (AOH)The attack begins when the team is already in the opponent’s half
Own half (NOT)The attack does not reach the opponent’s half
Collective behaviours
(TAC)
Pass and move (PAM)The first tactical resource used by players is pass and move
Cross (CRO)The first tactical resource used by players is the cross
Exchange (EXC)The first tactical resource used by players is the exchange
Block (BLO)The first tactical resource used by players is the block
Force switch of defender (FSD)The first tactical resource used by players is to force a switch of defender
Free play (NTR)Free play, using no tactical resource
Finishing (FIN)Shot (SHO)The attack ends after a shot
Loss (LOS)The attack ends after a ball loss
Interruption (INT)The attack ends with an interruption, without the team losing possession of the ball: free throw, throw-in or referee intervention.
Finishing zone (ZON)Left (LZO)The attack ends in the left sector of the opponent’s half
Right (RZO)The attack ends in the right sector of the opponent’s half
Centre (CZO)The attack ends in the central area of the opponent’s half
Own half (OWH)The attack ends in the team’s own half
Finishing action (FAC)Feint (FET)The player finishing the attack executes a feint just before taking a shot, losing the ball or there is an interruption
Finishing action (FAC)Lose marker (LOM)The player finishing the attack loses their marker just before taking a shot, losing the ball or there is an interruption
Movement with ball (MOB)The player finishing the attack executes a movement with the ball just before taking a shot, losing the ball or there is an interruption
Pass or reception (POR)The player finishing the attack makes a passing reception error just before taking a shot, losing the ball or there is an interruption
Solo attacker (SOL)The player finishing the attack takes a shot on goal after receiving the ball without the presence of a defender.