Table 1
Description of the sessions implemented in the experimental group.
Ludotechnical model | Traditional methodology | |||||||
Example of an activity | Example of an activity | |||||||
Session | Content and phases | Challenge question | Ludotechnical proposal | Overall proposal | Sharing | Warm-up | Main part | Cooldown |
1 | Triple jump and lateral jumping – Technical action 1: Take-off: assume a tandem position. – Technical action 2: Flight: the body tucks in, aiming to form a C shape. – Technical action 3: Landing: initial contact with both feet at the same height. | What are the movements of a jumper in the air used for? Which part of the foot is used during the take-off? | Log jumping: the first player will lie down. The second jumps with one leg over him/her and lies down. The third player jumps over the first and second players and lies down, and so on. | Triple jump competition. | To balance oneself. With the entire sole. | Joint mobility + game (crossing the river). | Jumping between markers at different distances. Stairs. | Stretching and reflection. |
2 | Javelin throw – Technical action 1: Starting position: javelin parallel to the ground and supporting leg in front and the same of the throwing hand behind. – Technical action 2: Final throwing action: extension of the throwing arm and advancement of the leg of the throwing arm, with both feet on the ground. – Technical action 3: Recovery: throwing leg comes forward to stop the body’s forward movement. | Is the throw performed with one or two feet on the ground, or with feet in the air? | Clay target: In pairs. A player standing behind a line in a throwing position shouts “Pull!”, at which point his/her team-mate, standing in front of him/her at a given distance, throws upwards a cardboard which must be hit with a ball by the team-mate who is in the throwing position. | Javelin throwing competition trying to make it land on the tip. | The throw is performed with both feet on the ground to anchor the body and transmit all the speed to the javelin. The trunk is flexed to slow down the forward movement of the body and avoid fouling. | Joint mobility + game (cleaning my house). | Placed in the arm preparation phase, throwing with the wrist only, elbow + wrist, shoulder + elbow + wrist. | Stretching and reflection. |
3 | Medicine ball – Technical action 1: Starting position: standing with the back turned, the ball close to the ground, knees slightly bent, trunk leaning forward, and arms not fully extended. – Technical action 2: Stretching: the knees are extended and the trunk is lifted, taking advantage of the start of the upright position to move both arms at the same time, using all the energy of the kinetic chain (legs-trunk-arms). – Technical action 3: Final release action: the ball is released when it is at its maximum height. – Technical action 4: Recovery: the thrower will move his arms to regain his/her balance and even tilt his/her trunk forward.-Acción técnica 4: Recuperación: el lanzador moverá los brazos para recuperar el equilibrio e incluso inclinará el tronco hacia delante. | Why do we move our arms at the end of the throw? | Aim… fire! With a foam rubber ball ready above the head, stand upright, throw the ball and try to get it to land in front of your partner, who will stand facing away from you (the throwing distance will be varied). | Throwing competition. | The arm movement is aimed at being able to regain balance. | Joint mobility + game (the triple of champions). | Positioning to throw as high as possible. Contrasts: sitting, kneeling, standing. Forward, chest, backward, twist. Trajectories: descending, ascending, flat, parabolic. | Stretching and reflection. |
4 | 10 x 10 m – Technical action 1: Starting position: metatarsal contact. – Technical action 2: Propulsion in tandem position. – Technical action 3 Upper body: trunk upright, slightly bent forward, elbows at 90°. – Technical action 4: Coordination: lower and upper body. | Why do long-distance runners step on their heels? | The technical rider: In pairs, one partner will wrap a 3-metre rubber band around his/her partner’s waist and stand behind him/her. The partner acting as the ‘horse’ will perform skipping in front, aided by intensive arm movement and keeping their gaze forward, until the band becomes taut. At that point, the ‘rider’ will begin faster skipping in front. | 10 x 10 competition. | The tension generated in the calf area does not allow this gesture to be prolonged for more than a few minutes. | Joint mobility + game (crazy relays). | Within 5 m (mark with cones): – Start with heels to buttocks and trunk forward. – Take the minimum number of strides. – Changes of direction between cones. | Stretching and reflection. |
5 | Relays – Technical action 1: Recipient: waits with one leg forward and one leg back, runs at full speed as his/her partner passes by the signal and extends his/her arm on hearing his/her signal. – Technical Action 2: Wearer: Gives the “go” signal at a distance of 2.5 meters. – Technical Action 3: Exchange: Up-down and down-up motions. | Who is responsible for the exchange in the 4 x 100 and 4 x 400 race? Why? | Free delivery. Light jogging around the area (semicircle). Those who carry the baton must pass it to a teammate without a baton in less than 10”. | Relay race without obstacles and with a low hurdle. | In the 4 x 400 race, the recipient, due to accumulated wearer fatigue. | Joint mobility + game (the 4 corners). | Baton relay: A participant moves to the end of the line and hands the baton to a teammate from behind. | Stretching and reflection. |