Table 3

Analysis of the effect of physical exercise programmes on cognitive function by length in weeks, weekly frequency, session length and type of physical exercise programme implemented.

	Authors	G	DEM	IC 95 %	DEM	IC 95 %	p
Age
< 65 years	Bateman et al. 2001; Kim & Yim, 2017; Ozdemir et al. 2001; Immink et al. 2014	5	23.47	7.3; 39.6	1.82	0.4; 3.3	.014
≥ 65 years	Tang et al. 2016; Khattab et al. 2020; Studenski et al. 2005; Quaney et al. 2009; Bo et al. 2019	6	4.47	–2.8; 12.3	1.82	0.4; 3.3	.014
Weeks
< 12 wk	Kim & Yim, 2017; Ozdemir et al. 2001; Quaney et al. 2009; Immink et al. 2014	5	21.97	4.4; 39.6	1.33	0.0; 2.7	.051
≥ 12 wk	Bateman et al. 2001; Tang et al. 2016; Khattab et al. 2020; Studenski et al. 2005; Bo et al. 2019	6	6.02	–3.3; 15.3	1.33	0.0; 2.7	.051
Frequency
3 ses/wk	Bateman et al. 2001; Tang et al. 2016; Khattab et al. 2020; Quaney et al. 2009; Bo et al. 2019	7	6.66	–1.0; 14.3	–1.16	–2.5; 0.2	.091
3 ses/wk	Kim & Yim, 2017; Ozdemir et al. 2001; Immink et al. 2014	4	24.83	1.6; 48.1	–1.16	–2.5; 0.2	.091
Session length
< 60 minutes	Bateman et al. 2001; Quaney et al. 2009; Immink et al. 2014; Bo et al. 2019	4	9.35	–7.9; 26.6	–0.44	–1.7; 0.8	.492
≥ 60 minutes	Tang et al. 2016; Khattab et al. 2020; Studenski et al. 2005; Ozdemir et al. 2001; Kim & Yim, 2017	7	15.51	1.9; 29.8	–0.44	–1.7; 0.8	.492
Exercise type EA vs. ST (groups)
EA	Bateman et al. 2001; Tang et al. 2016; Khattab et al. 2020; Quaney et al. 2009	5	10.46	3.3; 17.6	–1.88	–3.7; –0.1	.039
EF	Ozdemir et al. 2001; Immink et al. 2014	3	28.87	–8.1; 65.9	–1.88	–3.7; –0.1	.039
Exercise type EA vs. EA+EF (groups)
EA	Bateman et al. 2001; Tang et al. 2016; Khattab et al. 2020; Quaney et al. 2009	5	10.46	3.3; 17.6	1.11	–0.5; 2.7	.163
EA+EF	Studenski et al. 2005; Kim & Yim, 2017; Bo et al. 2019	3	2.34	–21.5; 26.2	1.11	–0.5; 2.7	.163
Exercise type vs. EA+EF (groups)
EF	Ozdemir et al. 2001; Immink et al. 2014	3	28.87	–8.1; 65.9	2.12	–0.1; 4.3	.056
EA+EF	Studenski et al. 2005; Kim & Yim, 2017; Bo et al. 2019	3	2.34	–21.5; 26.2	2.12	–0.1; 4.3	.056
Note. G: groups; AT: aerobic training; ST: strength training; ses: sessions; wk: week.

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