Table 1

Observational instrument for the observational analysis of downhill skateboarding (OSKATE).

Criteria	Categories	Code	Description
1. Stance	Goofy	GOOF	Front right leg
	Regular	REGU	Front left leg
2. Race position	1st	UNO	Rider in first place
	2nd	DOS	Rider in second place
	3rd	TRES	Rider in third place
	4th	CUAT	Rider in fourth place
3. Start	Maximum	MAX	Fast start, powerful pushes. First fast and short, then with more ADM > 9
	Medium-low	MEDL	Slow push start, with few pushes (<10), or simply letting gravity take over down the slope
4. Tuck time	Start tuck	STUCK	Start of the tuck position
	End tuck	ETUCK	End of the tuck position
5. Braking zone	Far from curve	FAR	Braking is performed during a straight line or area without sharp curves and away from the curve. No main curve visible
	Before curve	BC	Braking is performed on a straight section or an area without sharp curves, before taking the curve line
	Entering curve	EC	Braking is carried out in continuity with taking the curve. 1st half of the curve, before the apex
	Leaving curve	LC	Braking is performed at the end of the curve. 2nd half of the curve, after apex
	Counter-curve	COUNT	Braking is performed on the opposite side of the main curve. If the curve is toeside, a heelside slide is performed before reaching it
6. Braking action	Carving	CARV	Braking action due to loss of directionality. The rider steers the board sideways so as not to have such a straight trajectory
	Airbrake	AIRB	Air friction braking by opening the arms like a bird and adopting a more upright posture
	Carving + Airbrake	CAIR	Combination of braking action due to loss of directionality and air friction
	Footbrake	FOOT	Braking by contacting with one foot on the ground
	Gloves slide	GLOV	Sliding with gloved hands on the floor
	Standup slide	STAN	Sliding without putting hands on the ground
7. Orientation of the body in the curve	Toeside	TOE	The body and toes are oriented to the inner third of the curve
	Heelside	HEEL	The back and heels are oriented to the inner third of the curve
8. Lines	Inner third	INN	The entire line in the inner third of the curve
	Outer third	OUT	The entire line in the outer third of the curve
	Outer-Inner-Outer	OIO	Combination of outer third on curve entry, inner third at the apex, and outer third on exit
	Outer-Central-Outer	OCO	Combination of outer third at curve entry, central third at apex and outer third on exit
	Outer-Central-Central	OCC	Combination of outer third at curve entry, central third at apex and central third on exit
	Outer-Inner-Central	OIC	Combination of outer third at curve entry, inner third at apex and central third on exit
	Inner-Central-Outer	ICO	Combination of inner third at curve entry, central third at apex and outer third on exit
	Inner-Inner-Outer	IIO	Combination of inner third at curve entry, inner third at apex and outer third on exit
	Central	CENT	The entire line in the central third of the curve
	Central-Central-Outer	CCE	Combination of central at curve entry, central at apex and outer on exit
	Central-Central-Inner	CCI	Combination of central at curve entry, central at apex and inner on exit
	Central-Inner-Central	CIC	Combination of central third on corner entry, inner third at apex and central third on exit
9. Posture and stability in curve	Tuck lean	TUCKL	Taking the curve line without breaking the tuck position
	Tuck lean	ST	Board without sideways swings and arms tucked in the back/lower back or open without swings
	Small board oscillations	SMBO	Small rebalancing of the feet for more precise steering
	Arms oscillations	AROS	Arms rebalancing for more precise steering
	Board and arm oscillations	BAOS	Very evident foot and arm imbalances
	Speedwobble	SPEED	Temporary loss of control of the board, abrupt side-to-side oscillations of the board
10. Interaction with rivals	Stays behind	STBE	Rider slows down to avoid colliding with the opponent and stays behind him
	Slipstream	SLST	The rider takes advantage of the opponent’s slipstream to get closer
	Overtaking inner third curve	OVIC	The rider overtakes the opponent on the inner third of the curve
	Overtaking outer third curve	OVOC	The rider overtakes the opponent on the outside of the curve
	Overtaking straight section	OVS	The rider overtakes the opponent in a straight section
	Contact on straight section	CONSS	The rider gently contacts the opponent on a straight section
	Contact in curve	CONCUR	The rider gently contacts the opponent in a curve, without interfering with the opponent’s line
	Dodge (rider down)	DOD	The rider dodges the opponent who has fallen in the middle of the road