Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants in the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG)
| Variables | Total (n = 52) | EG (n = 27) | CG (n = 25) | p |
| Gender % (n) | ||||
| Male | 46.2 % (24) | 55.6% (15) | 36 % (9) | .16 |
| Female | 53.8 % (28) | 44.4 % (12) | 64 % (16) | |
| Age (x̄ ± SD) | 30.6 ± 9.94 | 31.04 ± 9.20 | 30.12 ± 10.85 | .57 |
| Role % (n) | ||||
| Students | 42.3 % (22) | 37 % (10) | 48 % (12) | .42 |
| Staff | 57.7 % (30) | 63 % (17) | 52 % (13) | |
| Residential setting | ||||
| Rural | 9.6 % (5) | 3.7 % (1) | 16 % (4) | .13 |
| Urban | 90.4 % (47) | 93.3 % (26) | 84 % (21) | |
| Car ownership % (n) | ||||
| Yes | 80.8 % (42) | 77.8 % (21) | 84 % (21) | .57 |
| No | 19.2 % (10) | 22.2 % (6) | 16 % (4) | |
| Bicycle ownership % (n) | ||||
| Yes | 84.6 % (44) | 96.3 % (26) | 72 % (18) | .01** |
| No | 15.4 % (8) | 3.7 % (1) | 28 % (7) | |
| Self-rated health % (n) | ||||
| Excellent | 28.8 % (15) | 37 % (10) | 20 % (5) | .38 |
| Good | 61.5 % (32) | 55.6 % (15) | 68 % (17) | |
| Fair | 9.6 % (5) | 7.4 % (2) | 12 % (3) | |
| PALs (METs) (x̄ ± SD) | ||||
| Total | 4786.3 ± 3036.5 | 5224.2 ± 3767.2 | 4313.5 ± 1941.7 | .72 |
| Vigorous | 1438.5 ± 1380.6 | 1484.4 ± 1610.0 | 1388.8 ± 1112.3 | .93 |
| Moderate | 790.4 ± 863.3 | 1039.3 ± 1074.3 | 521.6 ± 434.1 | .06 |
| Walking | 2557.5 ± 1590.2 | 2700.5 ± 1853.9 | 2403.1 ± 1265.8 | .81 |
| Sedentary behavior (hours) (x̄ ± SD) | 8.2 ± 3.1 | 8.3 ± 3.8 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | .98 |
| Regular mode of commuting | ||||
| Active | 61.5 % (32) | 81.5 % (22) | 40 % (10) | .002** |
| Passive | 38.5 % (20) | 18.5 % (5) | 60 % (15) | |
| Mode of commuting to university | ||||
| Active | 25 % (13) | 44.4 % (12) | 4 % (1) | <.001*** |
| Passive | 75 % (39) | 55.6 % (15) | 96 % (24) | |
| Purpose of bicycle use | ||||
| Non-users | 28.8 % (15) | 3.7 % (1) | 56 % (14) | <.001*** |
| Commuters | 32.7 % (17) | 55.6 % (15) | 8 % (2) | |
| Sport | 17.3 % (9) | 25.9 % (7) | 8 % (2) | |
| Leisure | 21.2 % (11) | 14.8 % (4) | 28 % (7) | |
| Frequency of bicycle use | ||||
| Almost or every day | 13.5 % (7) | 22.2 % (6) | 4 % (1) | <.001*** |
| 3–4/week | 23.1 % (12) | 37 % (10) | 8 % (2) | |
| 1–2/week | 9.6 % (5) | 14.8 % (4) | 4 % (1) | |
| On weekends | 9.6 % (5) | 11.1 % (3) | 8 % (2) | |
| Once a month | 15.4 % (8) | 11.1 % (3) | 20 % (5) | |
| Non-users | 28.8 % (15) | 3.7 % (1) | 56 % (14) | |
| Note. x̄ = = mean; SD = standard deviation; EG = experimental group; CG = control group; METs = metabolic equivalents of task. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. Statistical significance was set at: p < .05 (*), p < .01 (**) and p < .001 (***). | ||||
