Table 1

Mean ± standard deviation, 95 % confidence intervals, p-value and effect size (ES-d) for the goals (G), goals per quarter (GQ1 to GQ4), exclusion fouls (EF), and penalty fouls (PF) at sub-elite-level championships for females and males, pre- and post-WP rule changes (n = number of games).


Females
Males
pre n = 30post n = 23p-value; dpre n = 95post n = 98p-value; d
G9.3 ± 2.1
[7.0 to 11.7]		10.3 ± 1.0
[9.2 to 11.3]		0.17; 0.6
small ES		9.5 ± 2.8
[7.6 to 11.4]		9.7 ± 1.6
[8.5 to 10.8]		.94; 0.1 
small ES
GQ13.6 ± 0.2
[3.3 to 3.8]		2.5 ± 0.8
[1.6 to 3.5]		< 0.001; 2.0
very large ES		2.4 ± 0.9
[1.8 to 3.1]		2.4 ± 0.4
[2.1 to 2.7]		.61; 0.1 
small ES
GQ21.8 ± 0.8
[0.9 to 2.6]		3.0 ± 0.3
[2.6 to 3.4]		< 0.001; 2.2
very large ES		2.3 ± 0.7
[1.8 to 2.7]		2.4 ± 0.6
[1.9 to 2.8]		.53; 0.1 
small ES
GQ31.8 ± 0.6
[1.2 to 2.4]		2.3 ± 0.3
[1.9 to 2.7]		0.05; 1.0
moderate ES		2.4 ± 0.6
[2.0 to 2.8]		2.3 ± 0.4
[2.0 to 2.6]		.59; 0.3     
small ES
GQ41.8 ± 0.2
[1.6 to 2.0]		2.5 ± 0.2
[2.2 to 2.7]		< 0.001; 2.9
very large ES		2.5 ± 0.6
[2.0 to 2.9]		2.6 ± 0.5
[2.3 to 3.0]		.82; 0.3 
small ES
EF6.5 ± 0.8
[5.6 to 7.4]		7.9 ± 1.5
[6.1 to 9.6]		< 0.001; 1.2
large ES		6.1 ± 1.4
[5.1 to 7.0]		7.4 ± 1.2
[6.6 to 8.3]		.03; 1.0     
moderate ES
PF1.1 ± 0.7
[0.3 to 1.8]     		1.1 ± 0.2
[0.9 to 1.3]		0.94; < 0.01
trivial ES		0.8 ± 0.1
[0.7 to 0.9]		1.2 ± 0.3
[0.9 to 1.4]		< .001; 1.6
large ES
G = Goals; GQ = Goals per Quarter; EF = Exclusion Fouls; PF = Penalty Fouls
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