Table 1

Categorization of Organizations Based on Their Commitment to Environmental Sustainability

NameCharacteristicsCriteria
Wave zeroOrganizations without any type of environmental sustainability-related action or strategy.• No environmental sustainability-related actions reported.
Wave oneOrganizations that present basic activities that serve as a starting point for more advanced strategies, but lack a strategic connection to the organization’s own activity.• One or more low-intensity actions are reported on the website.

• No connections to sustainability are observed in the organization’s strategies.
Wave twoOrganizations that present some strategies for integrating sustainability into their activity.• One or more low or high-intensity actions are reported on a section of the website dedicated to environmental sustainability.

• Environmental sustainability is integrated into the organization’s strategies.
Wave threeOrganizations in which environmental sustainability is full integrated into the organization’s strategic planning.• One or more high-intensity actions are reported on a section of the website dedicated to environmental sustainability.

• Environmental sustainability is fully integrated into the organization, and its goals and strategies in that regard are visible.
Source. Information adapted from Hugaerts et al. (2023) and McCullough et al. (2016).