Table 1
Anthropometric profile of the 4 DS participants.
| Participant | 1 (●) | 2 (▲) | 3 (■) | 4 (♦) | Average ± SD (○) | |
| Age (years) | 19.0 | 22.6 | 31.4 | 42.9 | 29.0 ± 10.6 | |
| BM (kg) | 62.4 | 73.6 | 70.7 | 65.0 | 67.9 ± 5.1 | |
| Height (cm) | 158.8 | 156.2 | 160.7 | 161.9 | 159.4 ± 2.5 | |
| Sitting Height (cm) | 91.4 | 88.5 | 89.6 | 92.3 | 90.5 ± 1.7 | |
| Wingspan (cm) | 156.7 | 151.0 | 156.8 | 156.2 | 155.2 ± 2.8 | |
| Skinfolds (mm) | Triceps | 5.0 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 13.4 | 11.6 ± 4.5 |
| Subscapular | 7.0 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 19.0 | 19.3 ± 8.7 | |
| Biceps | 3.0 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 5.2 | 7.9 ± 4.5 | |
| Pectoral | 4.0 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 8.4 | 12.7 ± 7.7 | |
| Iliac crest | 8.0 | 25.2 | 28.0 | 24.0 | 21.3 ± 9.0 | |
| Supraspinal | 5.0 | 16.4 | 13.0 | 9.6 | 11.0 ± 4.9 | |
| Abdominal | 6.4 | 28.0 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 15.4 ± 9.1 | |
| Front thigh | 8.0 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 23.0 | 21.1 ± 8.9 | |
| Medial calf | 4.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 9.6 | 11.2 ± 5.5 | |
| Girths (cm) | Relaxed arm | 25.5 | 33.2 | 31.7 | 29.5 | 30.0 ± 3.3 |
| Flexed arm | 28.0 | 33.9 | 32.3 | 31.2 | 31.4 ± 2.5 | |
| Waist | 66.5 | 85.6 | 85.5 | 78.5 | 79.0 ± 9.0 | |
| Hip | 92.5 | 102.9 | 95.9 | 93.5 | 96.2 ± 4.7 | |
| Mid-thigh | 48.5 | 56.3 | 55.0 | 52.5 | 53.1 ± 3.4 | |
| Calf maximum | 33.3 | 37.2 | 35.0 | 35.2 | 35.2 ± 1.6 | |
| Ankle | 21.0 | 23.4 | 21.2 | 22.0 | 21.9 ± 1.1 | |
| Breadths (cm) | Humerus | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.4 ± 0.3 |
| Wrist | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | |
| Femur | 9.9 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | |
| Ankle | 6.6 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | |
| Proportionality | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 | 30.2 | 27.4 | 24.8 | 26.8 ± 2.6 |
| SitH/H ratio | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.57 ± 0.01 | |
| BAI (%) | 28.2 | 34.7 | 29.1 | 27.4 | 29.8 ± 3.3 | |
| RFM (%) | 29.7 | 33.6 | 30.5 | 29.4 | 30.8 ± 2.0 | |
| WHtR | 0.42 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | |
| WHR | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.82 ± 0.07 | |
| Body composition | Σ6 skinfolds (mm) | 37.0 | 124.0 | 122.0 | 98.6 | 95.4 ± 35.2 |
| Σ8 skinfolds (mm) | 46.4 | 163.4 | 148.0 | 117.0 | 118.7 ± 51.9 | |
| %FM – Durnin and Womersley | 10.4 | 27.7 | 28.1 | 24.4 | 22.6 ± 8.3 | |
| %FM – Jackson and Pollock | 4.2 | 20.9 | 18.1 | 14.9 | 14.5 ± 7.3 | |
| %FM – Rossato | 6.6 | 30.0 | 33.3 | 32.4 | 25.6 ± 12.7 | |
| %FM – Kotler | 5.3 | 10.2 | 8.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 ± 2.1 | |
| Somatotype component | Endomorphy | 1.7 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 ± 1.9 |
| Mesomorphy | 5.4 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | |
| Ectomorphy | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | |
| BAI, body adiposity index; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass; RFM, relative fat mass; SitH/H, sitting height/standing height; SD, standard deviation; WHR, waist-to-height ratio; WHtR, waist-to-hip ratio; Σ6 skinfolds, sum of six skinfolds: triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, abdominal, thigh and calf; Σ8 skinfolds, sum of eight skinfolds: triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinal, abdominal, thigh and calf. | ||||||
