Table 1

Participant characteristics and group differences.


Male (n = 30)Female (n = 15)Difference
p-valueCohen’s d%
Age (years)16.1 ± 1.215.9 ± 1.5.6750.1381.2
Height (cm)177 ± 6169 ± 6< .0011.3775.0
BM (kg)69.4 ± 5.758.9 ± 5.8< .0011.83217.8
BMI22.1 ± 1.120.7 ± 2.1.0110.8776.6
Competitive level (ITN) 2.9 ± 0.32.7 ± 2.1.5970.1741.9
Training background (years)8.5 ± 1.67.2 ± 1.1.0060.94218.3
Values are mean ± SD. BM = body mass; BMI = body mass index; ITN = international tennis number.