Table 1
Evolution of research on women’s coverage.
| Author and year | Olympic event | Medium analysed | Main findings |
| Higgs et al. (2003) | Barcelona 92- Atlanta 96 | Television: NBC | More male coverage, sports regarded as appropriate for women, greater criticism of women’s mistakes |
| Capranica et al. (2005) | Sídney 2000 | Print media | Nationalism, greater equality in coverage |
| Billings (2007) | Atenas 2004 | Television: NBC | Gender-differentiated coverage: subjectivity and bias in the portrayal of women |
| Greer et al. (2009) | Atenas 2004 | Television: NBC | Image biases: visually more exciting male coverage, symbolic male authority |
| Billings et al. (2010) | Pekín 2008 | Televisin: NBC | Less female coverage, gender differences and lack of balance in depictions |
| Jones (2013) | Pekín 2008 | Television digital: ABC, BBC, CBC and TVNZ | Twice as many male stories and pictures and gender stereotypes: sportswomen as emotionally weak or dependent and less committed |
| Angelini et al. (2012) | Vancouver 2010 | Television: NBC | Quantitative imbalance: 3/5 male airtime and 75% of mentions |
| Kian et al. (2013) | Londres 2012 | Various media | Sports regarded as appropriate for women, sexualisation, infantilisation and secondary status for women |
| Godoy-Pressland y Griggs (2014) | Londres 2012 | Print media | More male photo coverage, more active and in teams |
| Eagleman (2015) | Londres 2012 | Print media | Gender-differentiated framing, appropriate sport, infantilised, simplified and female body depictions |
| Delorme y Testard (2015) | Londres 2012 | Sports media | Underrepresentation of women in photographs, albeit without significant differences in size, position or content |
| MacArthur et al. (2016) | Sochi 2014 | Television: NBC | Less coverage of women (41.7%) Gender differences in depictions of physicality and personality |
| Litchfield y Kavanagh (2019) | Río 2016 | Twitter pages | Progress in the amount of coverage (47% male and 42% female). Gender-differentiated images and infantilisation of women |
| Xu et al. (2018) | Río 2016 | China Central Television | No significant differences found. Male figure skaters received more airtime than in Western countries |
| Organista et al. (2020) | Vancouver 2010, Londres 2012, Sochi 2014, Río 2016 | Media | Significant underrepresentation of women and differences in the description of rival competitors, nationalism and scant consideration of non-Polish women athletes |
| Source: authors. | |||
