Single Versus Hybrid Models: Impact of Sport Education Associated with Nonlinear Pedagogy in a University Sport Program
*Corresponding author: Alba Práxedes alba.praxedes@urjc.es
Cite this article
Práxedes, A., Pizarro, D., Ric, A., Vicente, T., & Fernández-Río, J. (2026). Single versus hybrid models: Impact of sport education associated with nonlinear pedagogy in a university sport program. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 164, 82-91. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.2026.164.08
96Visites
References
[1] Araújo, D., Hristovski, R., Seifert, L., Carvalho, J., & Davids, K. (2019). Ecological cognition: expert decision-making behaviour in sport. International Review Of Sport And Exercise Psychology, 12(1), 1–25. doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1349826
[2] Balagué, N., Pol, R., Torrents, C., Ric, A., & Hristovski, R. (2019). On the Relatedness and Nestedness of Constraints. Sports Medicine - Open, 5, 6. doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0178-z
[3] Chow, J. Y. (2013). Nonlinear Learning Underpinning Pedagogy: Evidence, Challenges, and Implications. Quest, 65(4), 469–484. doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2013.807746
[4] Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., & Renshaw, I. (2015). Nonlinear Pedagogy in Skill Acquisition (1st ed.). Routledge. doi.org/10.4324/9781315813042
[5] Chu, T. L. & Zhang, T. (2018). Motivational processes in Sport Education programs among high school students: A systematic review. European Physical Education Review, 24(3), 372–394. doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17751231
[6] Clarke, G., & Quill, M. (2003). Researching Sport Education in Action: A Case Study. European Physical Education Review, 9(3), 253–266. doi.org/10.1177/1356336x030093004
[7] Cunningham, G. B. (2007). Development of the Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 11(3). 161–176. doi.org/10.1080/10913670701326443
[8] Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
[9] Evangelio, C., Sierra-Díaz, J., González-Víllora, S., & Fernández-Río, J. (2018). The sport education model in elementary and secondary education: A systematic review. Movimento, 24(3), 931–946. doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.81689
[10] Fernandez-Rio, J., & Iglesias, D. (2022). What do we know about pedagogical models in physical education so far? An umbrella review. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 29(2), 190–205. doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2022.2039615
[11] Ferriz, R., González-Cutre, D., & Sicilia, Á. (2015). Revisión de la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad ( PLOC ) para la Inclusión de la Medida de la Regulación Integrada en Educación Física. Revista de Psicología Del Deporte, 24(2), 329–338.
[12] Gil-Arias, A., Claver, F., Práxedes, A., Villar, F. & Del, Harvey, S. (2020). Autonomy support, motivational climate, enjoyment and perceived competence in physical education: Impact of a hybrid teaching games for understanding/sport education unit. European Physical Education Review, 26(1), 36–53. doi.org/10.1177/1356336X18816997
[13] González-Víllora, S., Evangelio, C., Sierra-Díaz, J., & Fernández-Río, J. (2019). Hybridizing pedagogical models: A systematic review. European Physical Education Review, 25(4), 1056–1074. doi.org/10.1177/1356336X18797363
[14] M. (1, M., Biddle, S., & Fox, K. (1994). Perceived locus of causality, goal orientations, and perceived competence in school physical education classes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 64(3), 453–463. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1994.tb01116.x
[15] Harvey, S., & Jarrett, K. (2014). A review of the game-centred approaches to teaching and coaching literature since 2006. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 19(3), 278–300. doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.754005
[16] Hordvik, M. M., MacPhail, A., & Ronglan, L. T. (2017). Teaching and learning sport education: A self-study exploring the experiences of a teacher educator and pre-service teachers. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36(2), 232–243. doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0166
[17] Kinchin, G. D., & O’Sullivan, M. (2003). Incidences of student support for and resistance to a curricular innovation in high school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 22(3), 245–260. doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.3.245
[18] Leo, F. M., Mouratidis, A., Pulido, J. J., López-Gajardo, M. A., & Sánchez-Oliva, D. (2020). Perceived teachers’ behavior and students’ engagement in PE: the mediating role of BPN and self-determined motivation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(1). doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1850667
[19] Litchfield, B. C., & Dempsey, J. V. (2015). Authentic Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 142. doi.org/10.1002/tl.20130
[20] Liu, H., & Hastie, P. (2021). Incorporation of Physical Activity Challenges Within a Sport Education–Based Physical Education Class. The Physical Educator, 78(5). doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2021-V78-I5-10480
[21] MacPhail, A., Gorely, T., Kirk, D., & Kinchin, G. (2008). Children’s experiences of fun and enjoyment during a season of sport education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 344–355. doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599498
[22] Mossman, L. H., Slemp, G. R., Lewis, K. J., Colla, R. H., & O’Halloran, P. (2022). Autonomy support in sport and exercise settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 540–563. doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2022.2031252
[23] Oslin, J., Collier, C., & Mitchell, S., (2001). Living the curriculum. Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance 72(5), 47–51. doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2001.10605753
[24] Parker, M., Patton, K., & O’Sullivan, M. (2016). Signature pedagogies in support of teachers’ professional learning. Irish Educational Studies, 35(2), 137–153. doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2016.1141700
[25] Perlman, D. J. (2011). Examination of self-determination within the sport education model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 2(1), 79–92. doi.org/10.1080/18377122.2011.9730345
[26] Pizarro, D., Práxedes, A., Travassos, B., del Villar, F., & Moreno, A. (2019). The effects of a nonlinear pedagogy training program in the technical-tactical behaviour of youth futsal players. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 14(1), 15–23. doi.org/10.1177/1747954118812072
[27] Pizarro, D., Siquier, J., Quilez, A., & Práxedes, A. (2025). Effects of a hybrid Sport Education and TGfU unit on pre-service PE teachers’ PNB and autonomy. Sportis Revista Técnico Científica del Deporte Escolar, Educación Física y Psicomotricidad, 4(11), 1–29. doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.4.11779
[28] Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
[29] Ryan, R. M., & Deci L, E. (2017). Self-determination theory: basic psychological needs in motivation. In Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications. doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
[30] Saiz-González, P., Iglesias, D., & Fernández-Río, J. (2024). Can Pedagogical Models Promote Students´ Basic Psychological Needs in Psysical Education? A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. QUEST, 76(2), 247–267. doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2024.2316146
[31] Sassenberg, K., Moskowitz, G. B., Fetterman, A., & Kessler, T. (2017). Priming creativity as a strategy to increase creative performance by facilitating the activation and use of remote associations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 68, 128–138. doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.06.010
[32] Shen, Y., & Shao, W. (2022). Influence of Hybrid Pedagogical Models on Learning Outcomes in Physical Education: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159673
[33] Shulman, L. S. (2005). Signature pedagogies in the professions. Daedalus, 134(3), 52–59. doi.org/10.1162/0011526054622015
[34] Sicilia, A., Ferriz, R., Trigueros, R., & González-Cutre, D. (2014). Spanish adaptation and validation of the physical activity class satisfaction questionnaire (PACSQ) | Adaptación y validación española del physical activity class satisfaction questionnaire (PACSQ). Universitas Psychologica, 13(4). doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-4.ayve
[35] Siedentop, D. L., Hastie, P. A., & Van Der Mars, H. (2019). Complete Guide to Sport Education (2nd edition). Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
[36] Vallerand, R. J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 263–319). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. doi.org/10.5040/9781718206632.ch-017
[37] Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(3). doi.org/10.1037/a0032359
[38] Vasconcellos, D., Parker, P. D., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., Lee, J., Antczak, D., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2020). SDT applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(7), 1444–1469. doi.org/10.1037/edu0000420
[39] Wallhead, T. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Effects of a Sport Education Intervention on Students’ Motivational Responses in Physical Education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23(1), 4–18. doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.23.1.4
[40] Woods, C. T., Rothwell, M., Rudd, J., Robertson, S., & Davids, K. (2021). Representative co-design: Utilising a source of experiential knowledge for athlete development and performance preparation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52. doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101804
[41] World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
ISSN: 2014-0983
Received: 14 de julio de 2025
Accepted: 4 de diciembre de 2025
Published: 1 de abril de 2026
Editor: © Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de la Presidència Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC)
© Copyright Generalitat de Catalunya (INEFC). This article is available from url https://www.revista-apunts.com/. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en

