The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to identify the active members of the Spanish armed forces who participated in the 1920 Antwerp Olympics in order to study and analyze their sport-military characteristics. To achieve this objective, this study was conducted from the standpoint of the interpretative paradigm, following the historiographic and oral methodologies and using the historical biographical method. This study analyzes and interprets different documents, oral and bibliographic sources and written communications. After this analysis, we found ten people who fit our objective and whose collective biographies provided us with better scholarly knowledge of the sports and military historical context in which they lived. They lived in a country immersed in one of the times of the greatest national and international disgrace; they encountered increasing anti-militarism in society; they participated in activating physical-sport practice in the armed forces; they contributed to promoting membership in sports associations in Spain; and they helped promote the Olympics in the nation. The reasoning and reflection based on the information obtained show that the names of the active military men who participated in the 1920 Olympics were: Jos\u00e9 Bento L\u00f3pez, Antonio Bonilla San Mart\u00edn, Luis Calvet Sandoz, Jaime Camps Gordon, Jos\u00e9 de Figueroa y Alonso Mart\u00ednez, Ignacio Est\u00e9vez Est\u00e9vez, Antonio Moreira Montero, \u00c1ngel Pradel Cid, Domingo Rodr\u00edguez Somoza and Le\u00f3n Villar\u00edn Cano. The majority were army officers from the infantry; almost all of them reached the Olympics through a national selection process; the majority started practicing the sport in which they competed in the Olympics through the activities they performed in the armed forces; and practically all of them had logistical difficulties in the Olympic sites. They are individuals who made an enormous effort to participate in the most socially prominent sporting event at the time, the Olympics. They became a huge asset because they were able to provide a wonderful image, closeness with society and an admirable example beyond our borders.<\/p>\n\n